Allergy sufferers experience the misery that the changing seasons can bring as they sneeze and rub at itchy, watery eyes. Yet, people aren’t alone when it comes to allergies—cats and dogs can also suffer from a multitude of allergy types. However, allergies in pets often manifest differently than in people, so pet owners need to understand the differences to better care for their furry friends. 

From identifying common allergens to recognizing signs in your pet, our Companion Care Animal Clinic team’s comprehensive guide is packed with all the details you need to know if your pet has allergies.

Allergy types in pets

Pets can develop allergies to anything they are exposed to, but they typically can be classified in five main categories—flea, environmental, contact, food, and drug allergies.

Flea allergy dermatitis in pets

One of the most common allergy types, flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) is a severe allergic reaction to flea saliva. Only a handful of flea bites can trigger intense itching and discomfort in allergic pets. FAD signs include excessive scratching, hair loss, and inflamed skin, especially around the tail base, rear legs, and abdomen.

Environmental allergies in pets

Like people, pets can be allergic to various environmental allergens, including pollen, mold spores, dust mites, and certain types of grass or trees. Environmental allergies commonly lead to allergic dermatitis (i.e., atopy), which is characterized by itching, redness, and skin irritation. Atopic pets often scratch, lick, or chew to the point of causing sores or hot spots that can become infected. Signs may worsen during certain seasons, like spring or fall, when allergen levels are higher.

Contact dermatitis in pets

Contact dermatitis occurs when a pet’s skin contacts an allergen or irritant, leading to localized inflammation and itching. Common culprits include certain fabrics, household cleaning products, grooming products, or plants. Signs typically appear on areas of the skin that directly contact the allergen, such as the belly or paws.

Food allergies in pets

Although uncommon, pets can also develop allergies to certain ingredients in their food. Contrary to popular belief, food allergies in pets are typically triggered by proteins, not grains. Chicken, beef, fish, dairy, egg, and soy allergies are among the most common food allergens, but pets can also be sensitive to artificial colors, preservatives, and flavors. Food allergies manifest as itching, chronic ear infections, vomiting, diarrhea, and excessive flatulence. Identifying the allergen requires a process of elimination through dietary trials.

Drug allergies in pets

Pets can also develop allergic reactions to medications, such as antibiotics, antifungals, or flea preventives. Drug allergy signs may include itching, hives, facial swelling, vomiting, diarrhea, or difficulty breathing. Contact our Companion Care Animal Clinic veterinarian if you suspect your pet is experiencing a severe allergic reaction to a drug, which can be life-threatening.

Recognizing allergy signs in pets

Identifying allergies in pets requires careful observation and attention to their behavior and physical condition. Common allergy signs in pets include:

  • Excessive scratching, licking, or chewing at the skin
  • Redness, inflammation, or hot spots on the skin
  • Pustules or scabs
  • Hair loss or thinning coat
  • Recurrent ear infections or ear inflammation
  • Gastrointestinal issues (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea)
  • Runny nose or watery eyes
  • Swollen face, lips, or eyelids

Seeking veterinary care for your pet’s allergies

If you suspect that your pet is suffering from allergies, consult with our team for proper diagnosis and treatment. We may recommend various diagnostic tests, such as skin allergy testing, blood tests, or elimination diets, to identify the specific allergens affecting your pet. Treatment options for pet allergies may include:

  • Flea control measures to prevent flea infestations and FAD
  • Dietary management, including hypoallergenic or limited-ingredient diets for food allergies
  • Medications such as antihistamines, corticosteroids, or immune-modulating drugs to manage allergy signs
  • Topical therapies like shampoos, ointments, and mousses to reduce inflammation and irritation
  • Immunotherapy (i.e., allergy shots) for pets with environmental allergies
  • Environmental modifications to reduce allergen exposure, such as hypoallergenic bedding or air purifiers

Allergies can significantly impact your furry friend’s quality of life, but with proper understanding and management, you can help them lead a happy, comfortable life. Schedule an allergy-management appointment with our Companion Care Animal Clinic team should your pet be an itchy mess.