Breeders often breed pedigree pets to emphasize certain physical characteristics. They accomplish this by breeding pets from a limited gene pool, which decreases a breed’s genetic diversity, increasing these pets’ susceptibility to inherited diseases. Our Companion Care Animal Clinic team loves all pets, and we encourage you to learn about your pet’s breed so you can help them live their best life. 

Breed-specific health issues in dogs

The domestic dog is the most phenotypically diverse mammal in the world, which you can appreciate when comparing a tiny Chihuahua to a massive mastiff. While all dogs are susceptible to health issues, pedigreed dogs have a high risk for certain conditions depending on their breed. Examples include:

  • Beagles — Beagles are prone to inheriting epilepsy, which is a neurologic condition that results in an electrical energy burst in the brain, causing a seizure. 
  • Boston terriers — Boston terriers are prone to cherry eye, an ophthalmologic condition resulting in eye tissue protruding from the corner of the dog’s eye. Boston terriers also have an increased risk of developing the endocrine disorder Cushing’s disease. 
  • Boxers — Boxers are prone to cardiomyopathy, a heart condition that can lead to heart failure.
  • Bulldogs — Bulldogs and other flat-faced (i.e., brachycephalic) breeds, such as pugs, shih tzus, and Pekingese, have an increased risk for developing brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) because of their facial conformation. The condition can lead to breathing difficulties that may require surgical correction.
  • Chihuahuas — Chihuahuas and other small-breed dogs have an increased risk of developing dental disease because of tooth overcrowding in their small mouths.
  • Dachshunds — The dachshund’s long back predisposes them to intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). They also have a high risk of developing patella luxation.
  • German shepherd dogs — German shepherd dogs are commonly affected by hip dysplasia, a degenerative hip condition that can lead to significant pain and mobility issues.
  • Great Danes — Great Danes are predisposed to gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV), also known as bloat, which causes the stomach to fill with gas, food, or fluid and potentially twist, leading to a life-threatening condition.
  • Labrador retrievers — Labs have a high risk of becoming obese, which can lead to health issues such as diabetes, arthritis, and kidney disease. They also have a high risk of developing certain cancers such as lymphosarcoma.

Breed-specific health issues in cats

Pedigreed cats are also often affected by breed-specific health issues. Examples include:

  • Bengals — Bengals have a high risk of developing the heart condition hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and progressive retinal atrophy, which causes progressive vision loss.
  • Maine coons — These large felines are also prone to HCM and musculoskeletal conditions, including hip dysplasia and spinal muscular atrophy. 
  • Persians — Persians are predisposed to polycystic kidney disease (PKD), a condition that causes cysts to form in the kidneys, leading to kidney failure.
  • Scottish folds — Scottish folds have a high risk of developing osteochondrodysplasia, a condition that affects cartilage and bone development, leading to arthritis.
  • Siamese — Siamese are prone to respiratory conditions such as feline asthma.

Preventing breed-specific health issues in pets

In many cases, breed-specific health issues can’t be avoided, but you can take steps to decrease your pet’s risk and manage their condition effectively. Tips include:

  • Regular wellness visits — Schedule regular wellness visits with our veterinary team. These once- or twice-per-year appointments help our team detect conditions in the early stages when they are easier to treat and manage.
  • Dental care — All pets, especially those prone to dental disease, need appropriate dental care, which involves daily toothbrushing and regular professional veterinary dental cleanings.
  • Appropriate nutrition — Ensure your pet receives a diet that meets their specific nutritional needs. If you are unsure which diet is best for your pet, our veterinary team can recommend food that meets your furry pal’s health requirements.
  • Genetic testing — Genetic testing indicates what conditions your pet may develop, so we can take steps to manage potential problems before they become severe. 

While breed-specific health issues can pose challenges, being informed and proactive can help mitigate many of these problems. If you are considering a specific breed, research and choose responsible breeders who prioritize health and genetic screening. By understanding the common health issues associated with your pet’s breed, you can provide them with the best care possible. Contact our Companion Care Animal Clinic team if you have questions or concerns about your special pet.